Where are genes located in living organisms?

Genes are located on chromosomes, which are structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Chromosomes are composed of DNA, which contains the genetic information necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. The DNA is organized into segments called genes, which are specific sequences of nucleotides that encode instructions for synthesizing proteins, ultimately influencing an organism's traits and functions.

In contrast, RNA is involved in the process of translating genetic information from DNA into proteins, but it does not contain genes itself. The cytoplasm is the cellular fluid outside the nucleus where various metabolic processes occur; while some aspects of gene expression take place here, the genes themselves are not located in the cytoplasm. Cell membranes serve primarily as protective barriers and facilitators for substance exchange but do not contain genetic material. Thus, the location of genes on chromosomes is fundamental to understanding both the storage of genetic information and its expression in living organisms.