What does the term 'genotype' refer to in genetics?

Study for the AEST Animal Science Specialist Certification Exam with flashcards and multiple choice questions, each with hints and explanations. Prepare for success!

The term 'genotype' specifically refers to the genetic constitution of an organism, which encompasses the combination of genes inherited from its parents. This genetic makeup determines various traits and characteristics that may or may not be expressed as physical features.

In genetics, the genotype is crucial for understanding how certain traits are passed down through generations and how they can influence the organism's phenotype, which is the observable physical appearance. However, the genotype itself is not visible and is distinct from these outward traits.

The other options mentioned involve different concepts within genetics. The physical appearance of an organism is known as the phenotype, while the total number of chromosomes relates to the organism's karyotype. The influence of the environment on characteristics speaks to the concept of phenotypic plasticity, where external factors can shape how genetic traits are expressed. Each of these offers insights into genetics but does not define 'genotype' as correctly as the correct answer does.

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